This online version of the CoronaNet taxonomy shows the relation between a select number of variables related to the government action undertaken. For the full codebook, including information on how we document the dates, policy initiators, geographic targets and demographic targets, please refer to the main codebook available here! Note when questions or oprtions to questions were added at later dates, they are noted in the table below, if no date is indicated then this question or option has been part of data collection since it began on March 28, 2020.

Monadic (non-Institutional) Policy Types

In the following, we present the [type] and [type_sub_cat], for the policy types: Declaration of Emergency, Lockdown, Curfew, Restrictions on Mass Gatherings, Social Distancing, Health Monitoring, Health Testing, Health Resources, Hygiene, Public Awareness Measures, and COVID-19 Vaccines

[type] [type_sub_cat]
Declaration of Emergency


The head of government declares a state of national emergency.

No applicable

Lockdown


Targets of the policy are obliged to shelter in place irrespective of potential likelihood of COVID-19 transmission and are only allowed to leave their shelter for specific reasons.

No applicable

Curfew


Government policies that limit domestic freedom of movement to certain times of the day.

  • No, the curfew times are always the same regardless of the day of the week / everywhere
  • Yes, the curfew times differ depending on the day of the week

    Date added: February 18, 2021.

Restrictions on Mass Gatherings


Government policies that limit the number of people allowed to congregate in a place.

  • All/Unspecified mass gatherings
  • Cancellation of an annually recurring event (e.g. election, national festival) [Text Entry]
  • Postponement of an annually recurring event (e.g. election, national festival) [Text Entry]
  • Cancellation of a recreational or commercial event (e.g. sports game, music concert) [Text Entry]
  • Postponement of a recreational or commercial event (e.g. sports game, music concert) [Text Entry]
  • Annually recurring event allowed to occur with certain conditions (along with the name of the event, please list conditions in the text entry, separate each item with a semicolon) [Text Entry]
  • Single Recreational or commercial event allowed to occur with conditions. [Text Entry]
  • All Recreational or commercial events allowed to occur with conditions.
  • Attendance at religious services restricted (e.g. mosque/church closings)
  • Funerals and mourning rituals
  • Weddings and marriage rituals
  • Prison population reduced (e.g. early release of prisoners)
  • Events at private residencies restricted (e.g. parties held at home)
  • Other mass gatherings not specified above restricted [Text Entry]

Date added: Cancellation of an annually recurring event (April 29, 2020); Postponement of an annually recurring event (April 29, 2020); Cancellation of a recreational or commercial event (April 29, 2020); Postponement of a recreational or commercial event (April 29, 2020); Events at private residencies restricted (e.g. parties held at home) (July 23, 2020); Prison population reduced (April 29, 2020; Other mass gatherings not specified above restricted (April 29, 2020) All/Unspecified mass gatherings (August 18, 2020); Funerals and mourning rituals (March 19, 2021); Weddings and marriage rituals (March 19, 2021); Single Recreational or commercial event allowed to occur with conditions.(July 2, 2021); All Recreational or commercial events allowed to occur with conditions (July 2, 2021).

Social Distancing


Government policies that limit physical contact between individuals in public spaces.

  • Keeping 6 feet or 1.5 meters apart in […] (see Appendix)
  • Wearing a Mask in […] (see Appendix)
  • Closing/suspending operations of nursing homes/long term care facilities
  • Restrictions on patients leaving nursing home/long term care facility [Text Entry]

    Restrictions on visitation

  • Restrictions on visiting nursing homes/long term care facilities
  • Restrictions on visiting hospitals
  • Restrictions on visiting prisons
  • Restrictions on visiting cemeteries
  • Restrictions on visiting other group residential facilities (e.g. orphanages, group homes) [Text entry]
  • Restrictions on visiting other locations [Text entry]

    Restrictions on transportation

  • Regulating private vehicles in public circulation
  • Restrictions on ridership of subways and trams
  • Restrictions on ridership of trains
  • Restrictions on ridership of buses
  • Restrictions ridership of other forms of public transportation (please include details in the text entry) [Text Entry]

Date added: April 26, 2020. The following responses were added at later dates: Wearing masks in all public places/everywhere (April 29, 2020); Wearing masks in all indoor spaces (April 29, 2020); Wearing masks in all indoor spaces (April 29, 2020); Wearing masks (unspecified) (April 29, 2020); Wearing masks in other places not specified above/ other masking wearing policy (April 29, 2020); Restrictions on private vehicles in public circulation (June 23, 2020); Restrictions on ridership of subways and trams (June 23, 2020); Restrictions on ridership of trains (June 23, 2020); Restrictions ridership of other forms of public transportation (June 23, 2020); Keep a distance of some other distance which is not 2 meters or 1.5 feet (September 14, 2020). All options under ``Restrictions on visitations’’ (March 19, 2021)

Health Monitoring


The head of government declares a state of national emergency.

  • A snapshot of a person’s health at a given point in time
  • A person’s absolute (e.g. GPS) location over time
  • Who this person has come into contact with over time
  • A community’s epidemiological status [Text entry]

    Date added: November 24, 2020.

Health Testing


The head of government declares a state of national emergency.

  • Self-testing
  • Drive-in testing centers
  • Mobile Health testing station (excluding drive-ins)
  • Fixed Health testing stations (excluding drive-ins)
  • Door-to-door testing
  • Health testing of entire population under the government’s jurisdiction
  • Other health testing

    Date added: November 24, 2020.

Health Resources


Government policies which affect the material (e.g. medical equipment, number of hospitals for public health) or human (e.g. doctors, nurses) health resources of a country.

Health Materials

  • Masks [Text Entry]
  • Ventilators [Text Entry]
  • Personal Protective Equipment (e.g. gowns, goggles) [Text Entry]
  • Hand Sanitizer [Text Entry]
  • Test Kits [Text Entry]
  • Non COVID-19 Vaccines [Text Entry]
  • Medicine/Drugs [Text Entry]
  • Dry ice for COVID-19 vaccine storage [Text Entry]
  • Cold storage capacity for COVID-19 vaccines [Text Entry]
  • Thermal cyclers (PCR machines/DNA amplifiers) [Text Entry]
  • Syringes [Text Entry]
  • Unspecified Health Materials
  • Other Health Materials

    Health Infrastructure

  • Hospitals [Text Entry]
  • Temporary Quarantine Centers [Text Entry]
  • Temporary Medical Centers [Text Entry]
  • Public Testing Facilities (e.g. drive-in testing for COVID-19) [Text Entry]
  • Health Research Facilities [Text Entry]
  • Unspecified Health Infrastructure
  • Other Health Infrastructure

    Health Staff

  • Doctors [Text Entry]
  • Nurses [Text Entry]
  • Health Volunteers [Text Entry]
  • Army (medical) corps[Text Entry]
  • Unspecified Health Staff
  • Other Heath Staff [Text Entry]

    The following responses were added at later dates: Hand Sanitizers (April 4, 2020); Test Kits (April 4, 2020) Health Insurance (April 22, 2020); Non-COVID-19 Vaccines (April 25, 2020); Thermal cyclers (December 22, 2020); Dry ice for COVID-19 vaccine storage (December 22, 2020); Cold storage capacity for COVID-19 vaccines (December 22, 2020); Syringes (December 22, 2020), Army (medical corps) (December 22, 2020.

  • Hygiene


    Government efforts to promote hygiene in public spaces (e.g. disinfection of subways, burials).

  • Commercial areas (e.g. shopping malls,markets) [Text Entry]
  • Public areas (e.g. mosques, government buildings, schools) [Text Entry]
  • Public Transport (e.g. subways,trains) [Text Entry]
  • Burial procedures
  • Other Areas Hygiene Measures Applied [Text Entry]

    Date added: April 26, 2020.

  • Public Awareness Measures


    Efforts to disseminate or gather reliable information about COVID-19, including ways to prevent or mitigate the health effects of COVID-19.

  • Disseminating information related to COVID-19 to the public that is reliable and factually accurate
  • Gathering information related to COVID-19 from the public
  • Both Disseminating and Gathering information related to COVID-19

    Date added: April 29, 2020

  • COVID-19 Vaccines


    Government policy made with regards to either the research and development, regulation, production, purchase and/or distribution of a given COVID-19 vaccine.

  • Distribution (shipping; storage; administration) of COVID-19 vaccines.
  • Regulatory approval process for administering the COVID-19 vaccine.
  • Purchase of COVID-19 vaccines.
  • Resources for research and development of a COVID-19 vaccine.

    Date added: December 22, 2020


  • Dyadic Policy Types

    In the following, we present the [type] and [type_sub_cat] in tandem with the [target_direction] and [travel_mechanism] fields. While the [target_direction] and [travel_mechanism] field can be coded for other policy categories, they are presented below along with External Border Restrictions, Internal Border Restrictions and Quarantine because they are particularly relevant for these types of policies.

    [type] [type_sub_cat] [target_direction] [travel_mechanism]
    External Border Restrictions


    Government policies which reduce the ability to access ports of entry or exit to or from different governmental jurisdictions.

    • Total border crossing ban
    • Health Screening
    • Health Certificates
    • Travel History Form
    • Visa Restrictions
    • Visa Extensions
    • Proof of COVID-19 Vaccination
    • Negative COVID-19 Test
    • Other

    The following responses were added at later dates: Health Screening (March 30, 2020); Health Certificates (March 30, 2020) Travel History Form (March 31, 2020); Visa restrictions (April 29, 2020); Visa extensions (April 29, 2020); Total Border Crossing Ban (September 18, 2020); Proof of COVID-19 Vaccines (December 22, 2020).

    Inbound:

    Government policy that seeks to control movement of people entering the country initiating the policy.

    Outbound:

    Government policy that seeks to control movement of people exiting the country initiating the policy.

    Inbound/Outbound:

    Government policy that seeks to control the movement of people entering or exiting the country.

    Not Applicable:

    Some policy types have a target direction in some cases but not in others.

    All Mechanisms:

    Government policy that applies toward all mechanisms of travel. See other categories for more detail on possible mechanisms of travel.

    Flights:

    Government policy that applies to air travel.

    Land Border:

    Government policy that applies to non-air travel across land borders.

    Trains:

    Government policy that applies towards train travel.

    Buses:

    Government policy that applies towards bus travel.

    Seaports:

    Government policy that applies towards water travel.

    Cruises:

    Government policy that applies towards cruise travel.

    Ferries:

    Government policy that applies towards ferry travel.

    Internal Border Restrictions


    Government policies which reduce the ability to move freely within the borders of the initiating government.

    • Total border crossing ban
    • Health Screening
    • Health Certificates
    • Travel History Form
    • Visa Restrictions
    • Visa Extensions
    • Proof of COVID-19 Vaccination
    • Negative COVID-19 Test
    • Other

    Date added: July 2, 2021

    Quarantine


    Targets of the policy are obliged to isolate themselves because there is reason to suspect a person is infected with COVID-19.

    • Self-Quarantine Government Quarantine
    • Quarantine outside the home or govt. facility
    • Other

    Mondic (Institutional) Policy Types

    In the following, we present the [type] and [type_sub_cat] in tandem with the the [institution_status] and [institution_conditions] fields. Note that the [institution_status] and [institution_conditions] variables only take a value for the type and type_sub_cat’s below:

    [type] [type_sub_cat] [institution_cat] [institution_status] [institution_conditions]
    Closure and Regulation of Schools


    Government policy which regulates educational establishments in a country.

    • Preschool or childcare facilities (generally for children ages 5 and below)
    • Primary Schools (generally for children ages 10 and below) Secondary Schools (generally for children ages 10 to 18)
    • Higher education institutions (i.e. degree granting institutions)

    Not applicable
    • [type_sub_cat] allowed to open with no conditions

    • [type_sub_cat] allowed to open with conditions

    • [type_sub_cat] closed/locked down

    Date added: May 19, 2020.

    • Number of people on the school premises are limited (e.g. only 50 people allowed on school premises) [Text Entry]
    • Types of people on school premises are limited (e.g. no parents) [Text Entry]
    • Regular cleaning and sanitary procedures applied to classrooms [Text Entry]
    • Physical classroom hours or meeting times reduced (e.g. classes only meet in the morning; classes meet every other day) [Text Entry]
    • Negative COVID-19 Test
    • Full remote/distance learning (e.g. All teachers must tele-teach.) [Text Entry]
    • Partial remote/distance learning (e.g. Teachers with certain health conditions can tele-teach) [Text Entry]
    • Special provisions exist for how teaching is done which applies to all teachers [Text Entry]
    • Special provisions exist for how teaching is done which applies to some teachers [Text Entry]
    • Special provisions for all students in a school (e.g. students in primary school do not have to social distance) [Text Entry]
    • Special provisions exist for some students in a school (e.g. students living with essential workers can attend school while others must stay home) [Text Entry]
    • School event cancelled or postponed [Text Entry]
    • Other conditions not listed above (please provide detail in the text entry) [Text Entry]
    • Temperature Checks
    • Health Certificate
    • Health Questionnaire
    • Other Health Monitoring [Text entry]

    Date added to survey: Number of people on the school premises are limited (May 19, 2020); Types of people on school premises are limited (May 19, 2020); Regular cleaning and sanitary procedures applied to classrooms (May 19, 2020) ; Physical classroom hours or meeting times reduced (May 19, 2020); Special provisions exist for how teaching is done which applies to all teachers (May 19, 2020); Special provisions for all students in a school (May 19, 2020); Size of store limited (May 19, 2020); School event cancelled or postponed (September 14, 2020); Other conditions not listed above (May 19, 2020); Temperature Checks (November 22, 2020); Health Certificates (November 22, 2020); Health Questionnaire (November 22, 2020); Other Health Monitoring (November 22, 2020); Negative COVID-19 Test (July 2, 2020); Full remote/distance learning (July 2, 2020); Partial remote/distance learning (July 2, 2020).

    Restrictions and Regulations of Businesses


    Government policy regulates private, commercial activity.

    • All businesses
    • Retail Businesses
    • Restaurants
    • Bars
    • Shopping Centers
    • Non-Essential Commercial Businesses[Text Entry]
    • Personal Grooming Businesses (e.g. hair salons)
    • Supermarkets/ grocery stores
    • Private health offices (e.g. doctors offices, dentists, etc)
    • Pharmacies
    • Paid lodgings (e.g. hotels)

    Original option: Restaurants, Bars, Shopping Centers, Non-Essential Commercial Businesses, Personal Grooming Businesses. Date added: Supermarkets/grocery stores (April 29, 2020); Pharmacies (April 29, 2020); Private Health Offices (April 29, 2020); Paid lodgings (November 24, 2020).

    • Non-Essential Businesses

    • Essential Businesses

    • No information in the policy about whether the business is considered essential or non-essential

    Date added: May 18, 2020.

    • [type_sub_cat] allowed to open with no conditions

    • [type_sub_cat] allowed to open with conditions

    • [type_sub_cat] closed/locked down

    Date added: May 1, 2020.

    • Hygiene and sanitation measures required
    • Restriction of number of customers [Text Entry]
    • Restriction of business hours (if applicable note the hours of business in text entry) [Text Entry]
    • Restriction of working hours for employees (e.g. work at home policies) [Text Entry]
    • Maximum size of business meetings [Text Entry]
    • Maximum number of employees [Text Entry]
    • Size of store limited (e.g. stores smaller than 800 sq meters) [Text Entry]
    • Delivery and Takeaway Only
    • Delivery Only
    • Takeaway Only
    • Temperature Checks
    • Health Certificates
    • Health Questionnaire
    • Other Health Monitoring [Text entry]
    • Negative COVID-19 Test

    Date added to survey: Hygiene and sanitation measures required (April 29, 2020); Restriction of number of customers (April 29, 2020); Restriction of business hours (April 29, 2020) ; Restriction of working hours for employees (April 29, 2020); Maximum size of business meetings (April 29, 2020); Maximum number of employees (April 29, 2020); Size of store limited (April 29, 2020); Delivery and Takeaway Only (March 19, 2021); Delivery Only (March 19, 2021); Takeaway Only (March 19, 2021); Temperature Checks (November 22, 2020); Health Certificates (November 22, 2020); Health Questionnaire (November 22, 2020); Other Health Monitoring (November 22, 2020); Negative COVID-19 Test (July 2, 2020).

    Restrictions and Regulations of Government Services


    Government policy regulates government services. This can include ceasing the provision of government services completely; allowing the provision of government services with conditions; or allowing the provision of government services without conditions.

    Regulated use of government services

    • Issuing of permits/certificates and/or processing of government documents [Text Entry]
    • Election procedures (e.g. mail-in voting) [Text Entry]
    • Regulations on publicly provided waste management services [Text Entry]

    Regulated use of public outdoor spaces

    • Beaches
    • Campsites
    • Parks
    • Tourist Sites
    • Unspecified outdoor spaces
    • Other public outdoor spaces [Text Entry]

    Regulated use of public facilities

    • Public libraries
    • Public museums/galleries
    • Public courts [Text Entry]
    • Unspecified public facilities
    • Other public facilities[Text Entry]
    • Public Regulated hours government services available (e.g. government services office open for certain hours only)[Text Entry]
    • Regulated government working hours (e.g. work from home policies for government workers) [Text Entry]
    • Regulations on government meetings (including e.g. suspension of parliament)[Text Entry]
    • Other government service not specified above [Text Entry]
    • All non-essential government services regulated
    • All essential government services regulated

    Date added: April 29, 2020. The following responses were added at later dates: Public Courts (May 13, 2020); Election procedures (June 18, 2020); Other government service not specificed above (August 10, 2020).

    • Non-Essential Government Services

    • Essential Government Services

    • No information in the policy about whether the government service is considered essential or non-essential

    Date added: May 24, 2020.

    • This service provided by the government is provided with no conditions attached

    • This service provided by the government is provided with conditions atttached

    • This service is no longer provided by the government

    Date added: May 24, 2020.

    • Hygiene and sanitation measures required
    • Restriction of number of people allowed to access as service [Text Entry]
    • Restriction of hours of service provided [Text Entry]
    • Mask wearing policy
    • Keeping a distance of 6ft or 1.5 meters apart
    • Health Monitoring
      • Temperature Checks
      • Health Certificates
      • Health Questionnare
      • Other Health Monitoring
    • Other conditions not specified above [Text Entry]
    • Negative COVD-19 Test

    Note! If the [type_gov_serv] is ‘Elections’ then you will be given the additional option to select: Elections

    • Mail in voting only
    • Mail in voting expanded, in person voting still allowed.
    • Mail-in voting ballot request period extended
    • Election delayed or postponed to a later date
    • Other election policy [Text Entry]

    Date added to survey: May 24, 2020. The following responses were added at later dates: Mail in voting only, Mail in voting expanded, in person voting still allowed, Mail-in voting ballot request period extended, Other election policy (March 19, 2021); Election delayed or postponed to a later date (March 29, 2021); Negative COVID-19 Test (July 2, 2021)